If a quantum computer manipulates the qubit in a particular way, wave interference effects can amplify the desired measurement results. When measuring a qubit, the result is a probabilistic output of a classical bit, therefore making quantum computers nondeterministic in general. Unlike a classical bit, a qubit can exist in a superposition of its two "basis" states, which loosely means that it is in both states simultaneously. The basic unit of information in quantum computing is the qubit, similar to the bit in traditional digital electronics. Moreover, scalable quantum computers do not hold promise for many practical tasks, and for many important tasks quantum speedups are proven impossible. In particular, a large-scale quantum computer could break widely used encryption schemes and aid physicists in performing physical simulations however, the current state of the art is largely experimental and impractical, with several obstacles to useful applications. IBM Q System One, a quantum computer with 20 superconducting qubits Ī quantum computer is a computer that takes advantage of quantum mechanical phenomena.Īt small scales, physical matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves, and quantum computing leverages this behavior, specifically quantum superposition and entanglement, using specialized hardware that supports the preparation and manipulation of quantum states.Ĭlassical physics cannot explain the operation of these quantum devices, and a scalable quantum computer could perform some calculations exponentially faster (with respect to input size scaling) than any modern "classical" computer.
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